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Monterey is a city in Monterey County, western California, a port on Monterey Bay; incorporated 1851. Monterey is a popular year-round resort; it also has publishing, research, and electronic-equipment-manufacturing industries. Located here are the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School (1909), the Monterey Institute of International Studies (1955), and a junior college. Among Monterey's historic buildings are the Presidio (1770), the Custom House (1827), and California's first theater (1846). Also of interest are the Stanton Center and the Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art. The Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno visited the site in 1602 and named the bay for the Count of Monterey, then viceroy of Mexico. Settlement began in 1770 with the founding of a Franciscan mission. Monterey was the capital of Alta (Upper) California from 1775 to 1846, when it passed to the United States. The California constitutional convention met at Colton Hall here in 1849. Monterey was formerly a whaling and sardine-fishing center.
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